A decade ago, Espahbodi co-founded aerospace and defense startup accelerator and moved back to the U.S. to expand it. On the advice of friends at , he opened an office in El Segundo, California, near , just as more alumni of that company were leaving to launch hard-tech startups of their own and next-generation defense startups including were emerging.

Espahbodi eventually sold his stake in Starburst and launched , which invests in companies spanning industrial infrastructure, manufacturing, energy and water desalination. The firm has backed 14 companies since making its first investment in January 2023.

He also advises federal agencies on working with nontraditional, venture-backed companies. In an interview with ���ϳԹ� News, he discusses how AI is changing hardware economics, why software investors are rushing into industrial technology, and what he believes many of them misunderstand about the sector.

This interview has been edited for length and clarity.

���ϳԹ� News: What led you to leave Starburst and launch Generational Partners?

Espahbodi: About four years ago, I noticed that my friends from SpaceX were leaving the space vertical and moving horizontally across physical industries. I reached an inflection point: I didn’t want to remain locked into the space sector. I wanted to follow my friends.

I sold my equity in the accelerator, and part of the investment team left with me to start Generational Partners. For the past four years, we’ve invested in what you might call the SpaceX-mafia and hard-tech sectors — anything involving industrial infrastructure, manufacturing, energy or water desalination.

We made our first investment in January 2023, in a North Dakota-based drone company. It was a trial by fire and an opportunity to prove the thesis. We’ve invested in 14 companies since then.

You were already investing in physical, safety-critical industries before the generative AI boom. Has AI materially changed where you invest, or has it mainly reinforced your existing thesis?

Espahbodi: I tend to arrive earlier than others. I embraced the idea that hardware does not have to be capital-intensive. People often confuse hard tech with deep tech, but nomenclature aside, you don’t need to invest in science to win in these categories.

AI has dramatically changed that narrative and encouraged more people to get on board. I’m not looking to invest in science. I don’t necessarily see opportunities in quantum computing, nuclear fusion or other technologies being spun out of laboratories.

People who worked at companies such as SpaceX, and laid their companies’ foundations digitally. AI has significantly improved that augmentation and performance, enabling these companies to tackle legacy industries more aggressively and, more importantly, with new business models.

Another major component of the AI question is that frontier labs have become more expensive and capital-intensive than traditional hardware companies. The success of frontier AI labs, combined with the SpaceX IPO becoming an enormous wealth-creation event, creates a new environment. It raises questions about what is truly capital-intensive, what makes a product or its intellectual property defensible, and where companies are reengineering products around different business models.

Hardware has historically been capital-intensive, slower to commercialize and difficult to scale. Under what conditions does its technical defensibility compensate for those challenges?

Espahbodi: Fundamentally, it comes down to the business model. I look for creative software talent combined with commoditized hardware, significant customer demand and a new business model.

One of our portfolio companies was founded by the team that built the factory for user terminals. When you buy a retail Starlink antenna, these people built and scaled the assembly line that produced it at high volume.

While deploying those terminals globally to provide internet access, they observed that poverty often stemmed from a lack of access to clean water. They asked whether they could replicate the proliferated satellite-and-user-terminal architecture for edge water desalination.

Rather than investing in multibillion-dollar, nation-state infrastructure like that used by Gulf countries, they wanted to mass-produce every component in a vertically integrated stack. Their goal was to produce a cooler-sized device that could clean water at the point of need.

used a digital, software-based approach to build the bill of materials needed for mass manufacturing. AI is part of its business and operations, but the company’s real innovation was inverting the infrastructure model and scaling it.

I helped Vital Lyfe win its first customers within the and . Those organizations can use its devices in the field rather than shipping pallets of bottled water by air freight. That created a signal for overseas partnerships and nonprofit humanitarian-aid applications. It showed that there could be a different way to provide clean water.

Those are the kinds of unique business models that excite me.

What other companies founded by SpaceX alumni demonstrate how hardware businesses can overcome the traditional challenges of the sector? What can these founders build today that would have been difficult five years ago?

Espahbodi: Another example is the team SpaceX recruited to build the autonomous drone ships that catch boosters in the middle of the ocean. The team included former Coast Guard personnel and oil-and-gas technicians.

At SpaceX, they had the freedom to use software and AI tools to automate station-keeping — the ability of those drone ships to position and navigate themselves and reach the right location.

That team spun out and brought in many former colleagues to change commercial maritime shipping. They retrofit legacy boats operating in harbors and waterways and move supply-chain goods.

They brought a digital-first foundation to automating the controls on tugboats and barges. That had never existed before because the communications link to those ships didn’t exist. Starlink changed the concept of operations. The company can use its software expertise to change how physical devices operate aboard these boats and allow their sensors to send signals anywhere in the world.

That makes it possible to retrofit and overhaul how legacy shipping vessels navigate harbors and waterways in the U.S. It’s another example of SpaceX alumni applying the playbook and technologies they learned at SpaceX to a much broader commercial industry.

You’ve said AI is eroding traditional software moats. What evidence are you seeing that investors are responding by moving into hardware and industrial technology?

Espahbodi: I meet many software investors who feel they’re missing out on hardware but don’t necessarily understand it. I’ve met beauty investors who now say they’re defense-tech investors.

Los Angeles is a hotbed of firms that historically invested in software, media or consumer packaged goods. But people forget that Southern California, particularly El Segundo, is the aerospace capital of the world and has the largest concentration of mechanical-engineering talent.

Across the region — from China Lake to San Diego — technicians, builders and vocational talent are intersecting with the democratization of software and access to AI tools. Many local VCs have never taken advantage of the hardware talent located around them, so they’re being thrown for a loop.

Ironically, Bay Area VCs have been among those leaning most heavily into this. But it’s happening everywhere. I’m in Washington, D.C., now, and one of the first investors in , the hypersonic missile company, was in Virginia — before and others became involved.

Los Angeles VCs in particular know there is a talent war underway and that many people are leaving established companies to launch new businesses in these categories. But they struggle to underwrite those deals. They don’t know how to distinguish a strong opportunity from fear of missing out or something merely cosmetic.

So investors’ lack of experience in the space isn’t deterring them from writing checks or competing for deals?

Espahbodi: You have to ask why. The answer is their limited partners.

Sophisticated allocators, such as endowments, foundations and pension funds, along with more FOMO-driven family offices and high-net-worth investors, are watching this wave of SpaceX, and Anduril alumni create new companies and raise extraordinary rounds.

Many of those companies are no longer raising solely to pursue intellectual property. They’re building war chests to acquire other companies. The lines between private equity and venture capital are blurring. VC-backed companies are doing private equity-style buyouts, while venture deals are bringing in private equity checks.

That leaves LPs pushing for more. The success of the frontier AI labs has also perpetuated a fear of a “SaaS apocalypse,” which I don’t think is real — although I sometimes question ’s 1 stock price for fun.

It creates what venture does best: tourists and FOMO. LPs ask why their managers aren’t investing in the same companies and how they can participate, raise more money and show that they aren’t missing out. That’s how I’ve seen investors unfamiliar with these sectors enter the market.

Some of the largest Silicon Valley firms … missed this dynamism wave. Now they’re leaning in hard, sometimes at ridiculous valuations for companies that have yet to produce anything.

If more venture funding continues to flow into defense, aerospace and industrial technology, what prevents hardware from developing the same problems software experienced, including too many competing companies?

Espahbodi: Bring it on — hard and fast, and as much as possible.

Venture as a category exists because it was always about hardware. I would argue that the SaaS era, from the dot-com boom until now, was a blip compared with what venture was originally intended to underwrite.

I would move away from the hardware-vs.-software distinction and ask who is reframing the business model. Is there a way to reengineer a combination of software and hardware to unlock customer value? That’s the more important question.

How important is geography for these startups? Does locating near a major government customer help a company win contracts, and how do startups navigate procurement if they aren’t based near Washington, D.C.?

Espahbodi: It’s a common misconception that Washington is where the money is. The Los Angeles Air Force Base houses , which is another way of saying it holds ’s wallet. El Segundo makes the purchasing decisions for the fastest-growing portion of the military budget.

Washington is a place of considerable activity that needs to be influenced. Venture has never had this degree of influence on an administration and its executive orders. We’re also seeing portfolio companies backed by influential investors win government contracts worth as much as $1 billion at a time. That’s extraordinary.

Geographically, companies need to be where the talent is as much as where the customers are. Government customers should signal what matters, but companies shouldn’t organize themselves entirely around the government.

My catchphrase is that I want everyone to be commercially focused but mission-aware. I don’t want them to be mission-focused on the government. I want government to signal what it cares about while companies remain commercially focused.

The talent war for this convergence of hardware and digital technology is centered in Southern California. If you aren’t building and recruiting there, you’re falling behind. I like that the Bay Area is trying to attract more hardware talent and capitalize on the automotive and humanoid-robotics markets.

But I think the talent base for the factory of the future starts in Southern California and can then be used as a model for expansion into other places, as companies such as Anduril have done in Ohio and Louisiana.

We invested in a company founded by people from SpaceX and . They immediately moved to Austin to build a smart factory for raw-material processing. They wanted to automate the process at its source.

The largest concentration of cotton farming is around Lubbock in the Texas Panhandle. The company is building automated factories from the ground up to mill cotton into yarn and then complete the digital, vertically integrated stack by producing textiles at prices that beat outsourcing to China, Vietnam and other countries.

It sounds crazy, but the founder is determined to do it. If you can prove the model in textiles, you can apply it to copper. If you can do it with copper, you can do it in pharmaceuticals. From there, it could go in any direction.

Do startups located near Space Systems Command have an advantage?

Espahbodi: Not for that reason alone. The advantage is that they’re part of the ecosystem and geography. They’re spending time in the same bars and restaurants, and their children attend the same schools. They’re witnessing the same velocity.

Space Force itself is facing greater demand than ever to protect assets in space. Whatever happens with funding for individual programs, it remains the fastest-growing portion of the Pentagon budget.

I don’t think startups should locate there solely to be close to the customer. They should be there for the talent they need to build.

Related ���ϳԹ� queries:

Related reading:

• Sector Snapshot: Space Tech Startup Funding Orbits New Highs
• Sector Snapshot: Defense Startup Funding Hits An All-Time Record As VCs Begin To Eye Exits

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U.S. venture-backed technology 1 companies have secured nearly $90 billion in domestic public offerings this year, per ���ϳԹ� data. That’s already the second-highest annual tally on record, and we’ve still got a few months to go.

However, virtually all the money went to two companies. alone accounted for 83% of the $90 billion raised this year, while AI infrastructure company scooped up another 6%. A potential offering from , meanwhile, could be even bigger.

The remaining field is comparatively modest. Just 21 other venture-backed technology companies went public this year in sizable or offerings 2, per ���ϳԹ� data. Collectively, their offerings, which include traditional IPOs and SPAC deals, pulled in less than $10 billion.

This small cohort is intriguing for what it excludes as well as what it includes. Enterprise software, long a staple industry among venture-backed IPOs, was essentially a no-show this year. Energy, defense and space tech, by contrast, were well-represented. We also saw smaller offerings from other sectors, including medical devices and consumer-facing startups.

Here are some of the key findings in more detail:

Energy powers the most IPOs: About a quarter of this year’s tech startup offerings hail from the energy sector. The largest of these was from geothermal energy provider . Several nuclear power-focused startups also made their debuts, including and , developers of small modular nuclear reactors, as well as , focused on advanced nuclear fuel.

A dash of quantum, defense, aerospace, devices and consumer: Beyond energy, quantum computing company delivered one of the year’s larger debuts, as did equipment rental platform . Defense tech and aerospace were also strong performers, with offerings from satellite intelligence provider and spacecraft developer . And on the consumer front, e-bike and scooter platform finally made its market entrance, albeit at a valuation below its one-time .

An IPO SaaS-pocalipse: But what about SaaS? Mostly MIA. The paucity of enterprise software offerings this year isn’t entirely surprising given the impact of AI on the sector. VCs are pouring capital into a newer generation of AI-first platforms in legal tech, accounting and other enterprise software sectors. Existing SaaS unicorns are also moving fast to incorporate more AI in their offerings.

One end result is there are an awful lot of SaaS unicorns and former unicorns that have concluded this year is not the time to pursue an IPO.

Winner-takes-almost-all

Another end result is that investment returns are looking more concentrated than ever.

Of course, winning big or not at all is far from a new thing in the startup world. Tech venture returns have always been propped up largely by a few enormous wins, with the remainder of portfolio companies producing either losses or smaller profitable exits. But lately, the winner-take-almost-all-the-IPO-proceeds tilt is more pronounced than ever.

The pipeline of tech companies that have filed for future IPOs doesn’t offer much consolation that this pattern will change. Giant potential market debuts from Anthropic and still dominate IPO chatter. Enterprise SaaS offerings do not.

Related ���ϳԹ� query:

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Always-busy was the most active backer of U.S.-based startups by deal count, while led or co-led the most rounds of $5 million or more, ���ϳԹ� data shows.

Chip giant , meanwhile, sharply accelerated its dealmaking, ranking among the most active and highest-spending investors for the month. The chip giant participated in nine disclosed rounds of at least $5 million — marking its busiest month for investing since at least the beginning of 2025 — and led or co-led financings collectively valued at $1.3 billion.

The flurry of activity came as global venture funding reached $42 billion in August, up 122% year over year, with seven companies raising billion-dollar-plus rounds last month.

Below, we rank August’s most active startup investors across several categories, including lead backers, prolific venture dealmakers, highest spenders and seed investors.

Active lead investors

San Francisco-based General Catalyst ranked as the most active lead investor in rounds of $5 million or more, leading or co-leading five such deals. Its largest was the $1.1 billion Series A for, which provides custom AI fine-tuning for businesses. General Catalyst also led or co-led a $116 million Series E for, along with three seed rounds ranging from $10 million to $25 million, ���ϳԹ� data shows.

, and tied for second, with four lead or co-lead deals each.

The scale of those rounds varied considerably. The four deals that Andreessen led or co-led totaled more than $1.15 billion, driven by an $800 million Series C for defense tech company and a $300 million Series A for AI infrastructure startup .

Sequoia’s four led or co-led deals totaled $1.3 billion, including a $1 billion Series B for nuclear energy startup .

Busiest venture investors

When we widen the ranking to include both lead and non-lead participation in rounds of $5 million or more, Y Combinator once again takes the top spot.

The accelerator participated in at least 18 such deals in August, per ���ϳԹ� data. As we’ve noted in previous rankings, Y Combinator commonly invests as a non-lead backer in follow-on rounds for companies that previously went through its program.

Andreessen Horowitz ranked second with 13 deals, followed by General Catalyst with 10. and Nvidia tied for fourth with nine each.

Nvidia’s rise in the investor rankings is particularly notable. The Santa Clara, California-based chip giant participated in only four U.S. rounds of $5 million or more in July and one in August 2025. Seven of its nine qualifying investments last month went to companies categorized as AI-focused in ���ϳԹ�, including River AI, , , and .

The August burst extends a notable increase in Nvidia’s venture dealmaking pace this year. ���ϳԹ� data shows that by mid-August, it had participated in a record 59 known startup funding rounds in 2026, already surpassing its 53 investments in all of 2025. It had also led or co-led at least 11 private-company financings this year, underscoring its growing role as both a technology supplier to and financial backer of the AI startup ecosystem.

and Sequoia were next in our August rankings, each with seven U.S. startup investments of $5 million or more. RA Capital’s portfolio reflected its life sciences focus, with August deals including , , , and .

Highest-spending investors

The rankings change again when we look at lead investors associated with the highest aggregate deal values.

For August, was the apparent spendiest lead investor, thanks to its role leading ’ $5 billion deal. The round, the month’s largest, valued the data and AI company at $190 billion.

and followed, each leading or co-leading rounds with an aggregate value of $2.37 billion, as both were listed as lead investors in defense manufacturing startup’s $1.37 billion Series D and home battery provider’s $1 billion Series D.

Nvidia and Sequoia came next, each with $1.3 billion in led or co-led rounds. Nvidia’s total came from Poolside’s $1 billion financing and Volta’s $300 million Series A, while Sequoia led or co-led four rounds, topped by the Valar Atomics financing.

General Catalyst and Andreessen also crossed the $1 billion mark, with approximately $1.26 billion and $1.15 billion, respectively, in aggregate led round value.

As always, this is an approximation of spending rather than a tally of capital actually contributed. Investors rarely disclose how much each participant put into a round, although lead investors generally contribute a substantial share.

Seed dealmakers

At seed, Y Combinator was again the most prolific investor, backing at least 12 U.S.-headquartered companies in August.

ranked second with eight seed investments, all announced as part of the same August cohort. and followed with six seed deals each, while 1 recorded five. (It’s important to note that seed rankings are especially subject to change, since smaller financings often take longer to be reported and added to the ���ϳԹ� dataset.)

Big checks, familiar names

August’s rankings tell a now-familiar story: A relatively small group of large venture firms continues to dominate by deal count, while a handful of megadeals determines who tops the spending ranks. But Nvidia’s acceleration this year also illustrates how corporate investors — particularly those with a direct stake in the AI ecosystem — are becoming increasingly prominent alongside traditional venture firms.

Related reading:

• Global Venture Funding Jumps 122% In August As Streak Of Billion-Dollar Deals Continues
• No Summer Doldrums For Active Startup Investors In July

Methodology

This analysis covers reported investments in U.S.-headquartered companies and is based on ���ϳԹ� data pulled Sept. 10, 2026. Rankings for active venture and lead investors include rounds of $5 million or more. Seed rankings include angel, pre-seed, seed and equity crowdfunding rounds.

Funding data is subject to reporting lags, which are typically most pronounced at the seed stage.

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This is a weekly feature that runs down the week’s Top 10 announced funding rounds in the U.S. Check out last week’s biggest funding deal roundup here.

It was a monster week for U.S. startup funding, with four companies each raising $1 billion or more. ’s tunnel-drilling company led with a $3 billion Series D, followed by AI coding startup at $2 billion. Joining them near the top was , which landed $1.3 billion for its AI platform for physical operations, while reusable rocket developer raised another $1 billion.

Big checks also flowed to U.S. solar manufacturing, defense tech, legal AI and companies building the chips and networking infrastructure needed for artificial intelligence.

1. , $3B, transportation and infrastructure: Musk’s Bastrop, Texas-based tunneling company raised a $3 billion Series D led by the, with participation from investors including, and. The company is developing underground tunnel networks designed to move passengers and vehicles while reducing surface traffic, and already operates its Vegas Loop system beneath Las Vegas. The latest deal values it at $23 billion and brings its total funding to nearly $3.9 billion, .

2. , $2B, artificial intelligence: San Francisco-based Cognition raised a $2 billion Series E led by,,, and. The company is best known for Devin, its autonomous software-engineering agent, and is part of a highly funded crop of startups betting AI agents will take over increasingly complex coding and development work. Cognition has raised nearly $3.9 billion to date and was valued at $48 billion in the latest round, our shows.

3. , $1.3B, AI for physical operations: San Francisco-based Motive raised $1.3 billion in private equity funding led by. The company, formerly known as KeepTruckin, has an AI-driven platform used by trucking, construction and other physical-economy businesses to manage fleets, monitor driver safety, and automate operations and spending. The latest deal brings Motive’s total funding to just over $2 billion, according to .

4. , $1B, aerospace: Kent, Washington-based Stoke Space raised a $1 billion Series E co-led by and, with among the additional investors. The company is developing fully reusable rockets, including its Nova launch vehicle, as it looks to lower the cost of transporting satellites and other payloads to orbit. The latest round values Stoke at $10 billion and brings total funding to . Its raise adds to the already record-setting sums for space tech startup investment this year.

5. , $835M, solar energy: Norcross, Georgia-based Suniva raised $835 million from investors including, and. The longtime U.S. solar manufacturer produces high-efficiency solar cells and plans to use new capital to expand domestic production, including a new South Carolina facility that would more than quadruple its manufacturing capacity. Suniva has raised nearly .

6. , $600M, defense tech: Huntington Beach, California-based Mach Industries raised a $600 million Series C from investors including and. Founded in 2022, the defense manufacturer develops unmanned aircraft, long-range weapons, propulsion technology and the infrastructure needed to produce defense systems at scale. Mach is part of a broader surge in venture investment into defense companies looking to bring Silicon Valley-style development and manufacturing speeds to military hardware. The latest round values the company at $3.7 billion and brings its total funding to .

7. , $550M, legal AI: San Francisco-based Harvey raised a $550 million Series H co-led by and, with investors including and also participating. Harvey builds generative AI tools for lawyers and other professional-services workers, with products for legal research, document analysis and contract work. The company was valued at $15.5 billion in the latest deal, which brings its total funding to date to nearly . That makes it one of the most well-funded players in the legal tech space, which has seen robust investment this year, though slightly lower than last year’s all-time high.

8. (tied) , $500M, semiconductors: Fab2 raised a $500 million Series A led by, with among the other investors. Formerly known as Atomic Semi, Fab2 is trying to rethink semiconductor manufacturing by designing its own fabrication tools, components and software with the goal of building smaller chip factories faster and more cheaply. The funding is the first disclosed round for the company, which maintains headquarters in California and Kentucky, and values it at $3.7 billion.

8. (tied) , $500M, AI infrastructure: Reno, Nevada-based Positron raised a $500 million Series C led by and, with among its other investors. The startup develops purpose-built hardware for AI inference, where models actually process queries after they have been trained, and is one of a growing crop of chip companies challenging GPUs in particular AI workloads. The latest financing values Positron at $5 billion and brings its total funding to nearly $1.2 billion, .

10. (tied) , $275M, AI networking infrastructure: Laguna Beach, California-based Celero Communications raised a $275 million Series C led by, and. Celero develops coherent digital signal processor technology that helps move enormous quantities of data between chips and data centers while using less power, an increasingly critical bottleneck as AI clusters grow. The round values the company at $3 billion and brings total funding to roughly , according to ���ϳԹ�.

10. (tied) , $275M, biotechnology: South San Francisco, California-based Encoded Therapeutics raised a $275 million Series F led by, with investors including, and also participating. The clinical-stage biotech develops precision genetic medicines for severe neurological disorders, with its lead therapy targeting Dravet syndrome, a rare genetic epilepsy. Encoded has raised $514.1 million to date, .

Methodology

We tracked the largest announced rounds in the ���ϳԹ� database that were raised by U.S.-based companies for the period of Sept. 5-11, 2026. Although most announced rounds are in the database, there may be a small time lag, as some rounds are reported late in the week.

Related reading:

• Sector Snapshot: Space Tech Startup Funding Orbits New Highs 
• Anduril Raises Another $5B As Defense Tech Startups Shatter Funding Records
• Sector Snapshot: Legal Tech Funding Down Slightly From All-Time High 
• Sector Snapshot: Semiconductor Startup Funding Still Running Hot

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The highest-valued new entrants were China-based humanoid robotics business , valued at more than $6.3 billion; San Jose, California-based photonics company , valued at $5.5 billion; and Palo Alto, California-based AI model platform , and San Francisco’s semiconductor manufacturing startup , both valued at $5 billion.

AI software featured prominently across model training, assistants, agentic and enterprise workflow automation, coding and voice transcription.

Semiconductors was the second-largest sector, with five new unicorns. Robotics and financial services each added three, while data centers, security and energy each added two.

The U.S. accounted for 16 of August’s new unicorns. China followed with four. South Korea, India, Singapore, the United Arab Emirates, Switzerland, Germany and Turkey each added one. Nigeria and Indonesia also each added one new unicorn — for both, their first new unicorn of the year.

Nine companies exited the ���ϳԹ� in August, per ���ϳԹ� data: Three that went public — the most notable being — and six via acquisition, including , and .

New unicorns in August

Here are August’s new unicorn companies:

AI and software

• , a Palo Alto, California-based platform for training, fine-tuning and deploying custom AI models based on proprietary data, announced $1.1 billion in funding led by and . The less-than-1-year-old company, founded by former co-founder , was valued.
• San Francisco-based , an AI assistant that executes personal tasks, raised a $250 million Series B led by and . The 1-year-old company was valued at $2.5 billion.
• Shanghai-based , a builder of agents for digital and physical environments, raised a $220 million seed round led by and . The less-than-1-year-old company was valued at $2 billion. Its founder, , a researcher, left earlier this year.
• San Francisco-based , which builds AI-powered voice-writing and meeting-transcription tools, raised a $280 million Series B led by , who also led its Series A in 2025. The 5-year-old company was valued at $2 billion.
• San Francisco-based , which provides AI-powered code review and change-management tools, raised a $143 million Series C at a $1.5 billion valuation. and co-led the round. The 3-year-old company said it would commit more than $10 million to keep its tools free for open-source projects over the next year.
• San Francisco-based , which deploys AI agents across calls, email, documents and enterprise systems, raised a $150 million Series C at a $1.2 billion post-money valuation. and led the round. The company is 4 years old, started in logistics and has expanded to insurance, energy, telecommunications and airlines among others and counts 150 enterprise customers.
• Turkey-based , a developer of consumer mobile applications, raised a $50 million Series A led by . The 4-year-old company was valued at $1.25 billion. Its apps include AI chatbot Nova, diagnosing plants with PlantApp, and art generator DaVinci.

Semiconductors

• , a San Jose, California-based developer of photonic interconnects for AI computing infrastructure, raised a $700 million Series C at a $5.5 billion valuation. , , , and led the round. The 2-year-old company is already deployed within data centers.
• raised $400 million in funding led by hedge fund . The 1-year-old company was valued at $5 billion. The San Francisco-based company creates tooling for semiconductor manufacturing and was founded by researchers.
• South Korea-based , which develops edge AI processors for on-device inference, raised about $29 million in the first tranche of its Series D funding from existing investors. The 8-year-old company targeting robotics and electronics was valued at about $2.2 billion.
• Shanghai-based , an AI chip startup for inference, raised a Series A led by local state capital investors and . The 4-year-old company was valued at about $1.5 billion with plans to ship its product in Q4 2026.
• Santa Clara, California-based , which develops low-power silicon and software for AI data centers and physical AI, raised a $110 million Series A led by . The 4-year old company was valued at more than $1 billion.

Robotics

• China-based , which is building the general-purpose IRON humanoid robot, raised more than $900 million in its first outside financing at a post-money valuation exceeding $6.3 billion. led the round, with participation from and support from and Alibaba Group. The company, a subsidiary of public smart electric vehicle company , is 10 years old.
• Singapore-based , which develops robots to operate in real-world environments, raised about $669 million in funding. The 2-year-old company was valued at about $3.3 billion and is set to deploy robots in a Dairy Queen in Shanghai to handle the entire 55-step process of taking orders, preparing the food and handing it to a customer.
• Zurich-based , which develops autonomous technology for heavy construction machinery, raised a $200 million Series A led by . The 4-year-old company was valued at $1 billion and works across multiple construction brands.

Financial services

• Bengaluru-based , a financial-services company spanning payment, lending and insurance, raised $100 million in funding led by . The 7-year-old company was valued at $1.3 billion.
• Berlin-based , a finance AI platform for European mid-sized businesses to  manage spend, card issuing and expenses, raised a $40 million Series C led by and . The 7-year-old company was valued at around $1.15 billion. The company says it has 5,000 businesses that use the service to give finance teams control.
• Palo Alto, California-based , an AI-native enterprise resource planning platform for accounting, raised a $100 million Series C led by . The 4-year-old company was valued at $1 billion.

Aerospace and defense

• Los Angeles-based , a manufacturer of autonomous military drones and counter-drone systems, raised a $250 million Series C at a $2.5 billion post-money valuation. and the co-led the round. The company is 3 years old. Neros has contracts with the U.S. military as well as half a dozen allied countries.
• Mountain View, California-based , which builds and operates satellite constellations for national security, civil and commercial customers, raised a $250 million Series C led by . The 5-year-old company was valued at $1.5 billion.

Data centers

• Palo Alto, California-based , a vertically integrated AI infrastructure platform, raised a $300 million Series A led by , , and . The less-than-1-year-old company was valued at $2.4 billion. Alongside the equity, Volta secured $5 billion in debt to fund data center buildouts.
• , a full-stack AI infrastructure and neocloud platform, received led by Doha-based broadband provider , which holds a 49% stake. Jakarta-based Zankore is less than 1-year-old and is valued at $1.6 billion. The platform is targeting 1 gigawatt of AI computing capacity.

Security

• San Francisco-based , an AI-native security company that provides autonomous penetration testing, raised a $250 million Series E led by and . The 7-year-old company was valued at $2 billion and is used by 7,000 organizations including defense, Fortune 10, banks and healthcare companies among others.
• Palo Alto, California-based , which provides security for AI agents and third-party applications, raised an $85 million Series D led by . The 9-year-old company was valued at $1.1 billion.

Energy

• China-based , a nuclear fusion company developing small modular reactors, raised about $179 million in seed funding. The 1-year-old company was valued at about $1.5 billion.
• Washington, D.C.-based , which develops software that adjusts AI data-center workloads based on power-grid demands, raised a $150 million Series A at a $1 billion valuation. and co-led the round. The 2-year-old company says the round brings total funding to more than $220 million.

Transportation

• Nigeria-based , a vehicle financing and autonomous fleet management infrastructure, raised a $250 million Series C led by , and . The 7-year-old company was valued at $2.1 billion. It operates a fleet of 42,000 vehicles — both human-driven and autonomous — across 29 cities, with annual recurring revenue of $420 million.��

Critical minerals

• Houston-based , which builds mines and refineries using its MarianaOS software platform, raised a $310 million Series B led by . The 2-year-old company was valued at $1.5 billion.

Web3

• Dubai-based , an AI-enabled stablecoin neobanking platform for cross-border payments and tokenized assets, raised a $68 million Series C led by Tokyo-based at a $1 billion valuation. The 7-year-old company says it processes more than $40 billion in annualized transaction volume.

Related ���ϳԹ� unicorn lists:

• (1,862)
• (658)
• (276)
• (195)
• (119)
• (102)
• (961)
• (547)
• (254)
• (39)
• (489)

Related reading:

• Global Venture Funding Jumps 122% In August As Streak Of Billion-Dollar Deals Continues
• Which Investors Have Backed The Most 2026 Unicorns?
• 40 Companies Joined The ���ϳԹ� In July, The Highest Count In 4 Years

Methodology

The ���ϳԹ� ���ϳԹ� is a curated list that includes private unicorn companies with post-money valuations of $1 billion or more and is based on ���ϳԹ� data. New companies are as they reach the $1 billion valuation mark as part of a funding round.��

The unicorn board does not reflect internal company valuations — such as those set via a 409a process for employee stock options — as these differ from, and are more likely to be lower than, a priced funding round. We also do not adjust valuations based on investor writedowns, which change quarterly, as different investors will not value the same company consistently within the same quarter.��

Funding to unicorn companies includes all private financings to companies that are tagged as unicorns, as well as those that have since graduated to .��

Exits analyzed here only include the first time a company exits.��

Please note that all funding values are given in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted. ���ϳԹ� converts foreign currencies to U.S. dollars at the prevailing spot rate from the date funding rounds, acquisitions, IPOs and other financial events are reported. Even if those events were added to ���ϳԹ� long after the event was announced, foreign currency transactions are converted at the historic spot price.

Illustration:

Seven companies raised billion-dollar fundings in August, tied with a few months for the year’s second-highest count after July, when 13 companies did the same.

The largest startup funding deal in August went to 13-year-old which raised $5 billion at a $190 billion valuation.

Other companies across a broad range of industries raised billion-dollar-plus rounds, a testament to the strength of the technology sector impacting  a range of more traditional industries, including physical manufacturing, defense, aerospace and energy. They included defense tech startup ; , which performs custom AI fine-tuning for businesses; low-orbit satellite network ; nuclear energy company ; automated coding provider ; and home battery service .

Notable exits

On the IPO front, Hangzhou, China-based humanoid robotics company went public on Aug. 19 and soared 460% on its first day of trading on the .

The largest M&A news in August was ’s announcement that it aims to acquire open-source AI platform for $12.9 billion. Other notable acquisition news was Milan-based tech aggregator ’ plan to acquire 13-year-old database company for around $1.3 billion.

Big rounds are coming faster

Venture capital continues to concentrate rapidly among a small group of fast-growing companies. Two of August’s billion-dollar recipients illustrate the trend: Databricks added $56 billion to its valuation in just six months, while River AI raised both its seed and Series A rounds this year, amassing a staggering $1.1 billion in early-stage funding.

That accelerated cadence extended across August’s megadeals: Five of the seven billion-dollar funding recipients had last raised capital less than 12 months earlier, including three that closed their previous rounds earlier this year. The numbers underscore how quickly investors are doubling down on companies they believe can become the next generation of technology giants.

Related ���ϳԹ� queries:

Methodology

The data contained in this report comes directly from ���ϳԹ�, and is based on reported data. Data is as of Sept. 2, 2026.

Note that data lags are most pronounced at the earliest stages of venture activity, with seed funding amounts increasing significantly after the end of a quarter/year.

Please note that all funding values are given in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted. ���ϳԹ� converts foreign currencies to U.S. dollars at the prevailing spot rate from the date funding rounds, acquisitions, IPOs and other financial events are reported. Even if those events were added to ���ϳԹ� long after the event was announced, foreign currency transactions are converted at the historic spot price.

Glossary of funding terms

Seed and angel consists of seed, pre-seed and angel rounds. ���ϳԹ� also includes venture rounds of unknown series, equity crowdfunding and convertible notes at $3 million (USD or as-converted USD equivalent) or less.

Early-stage consists of Series A and Series B rounds, as well as other round types. ���ϳԹ� includes venture rounds of unknown series, corporate venture and other rounds above $3 million, and those less than or equal to $15 million.

Late-stage consists of Series C, Series D, Series E and later-lettered venture rounds following the “Series [Letter]” naming convention. Also included are venture rounds of unknown series, corporate venture and other rounds above $15 million. Corporate rounds are only included if a company has raised an equity funding at seed through a venture series funding round.

Technology growth is a private-equity round raised by a company that has previously raised a “venture” round. (So basically, any round from the previously defined stages.)

Illustration:

This is a weekly feature that runs down the week’s top 10 announced funding rounds in the U.S. Check out last week’s biggest funding deal roundup here.

Most of this week’s largest funding recipients were AI-focused startups, with , a developer of AI assistants, pulling in the biggest round. Other sizable financings went to companies in areas including business software, physical AI, autonomous transport and even sea gliders. Overall, rounds skewed smaller than in recent past weeks.

1. , $250M, AI assistants: Instinct, a startup developing and beta testing an AI assistant, is raising $250 million in a Series B valuing the San Francisco company at $2.5 billion, according to a from citing founder . Lead backers include and .

2. , $240M, small business AI tools: Owner, a provider of AI tools for local businesses to automate things like building websites, online and phone ordering, mobile apps, and customer support, picked up $240 million in new funding. led the financing, valuing the 8-year-old San Francisco company at $2.3 billion.

3. (tied) , $200M, physical AI: San Francisco-based Generalist AI, a startup developing an AI foundation model that can work with a variety of robots, secured $200 million in fresh financing. The investment, an extension of its $400 million Series B in June, is reportedly led by 1.

3. (tied) , $200M, autonomous trucking: Gatik, an operator of driverless trucks, closed on $200 million in Series D funding. and led the round for the 9-year-old, Santa Clara, California-based company.

5. , $156M, predictive analytics: Socure, a provider of identity, risk and compliance tools, picked up $156 million in growth funding and acquired , an agentic platform for fraud and compliance operations. led the round, valuing the Incline Village, Nevada-based company at $5.2 billion.

6. , $150M, data center energy management: Emerald AI, a software platform that balances AI computational workloads and available energy resources, raised $150 million in Series A funding. The financing, led by and , set the Washington, D.C.-based company’s valuation at $1.05 billion.

7. (tied) , $120M, sea gliders: Rhode Island-based Regent Craft, a developer of high-speed winged sea vessels, closed on $120 million in Series B equity funding led by and . It also secured $120 million in debt funding from .

7. (tied) , $120M, biopharma: AusperBio, a San Francisco startup developing therapeutics for chronic hepatitis B and other diseases, picked up $120 million in Series C funding backed by new and existing investors. The funding will support clinical trials for its lead therapeutic.

9. , $76M, AI for creatives: Los Angeles-based Stability AI, a developer of AI products for professional creatives across music, gaming and entertainment, announced a Series B fundraise of $76 million backed by a long list of venture and strategic investors.

10. , $75M, coffee: Brooklyn-based coffee and matcha drink chain Blank Street has raised $75 million in fresh funding from investors including as it plans a West Coast expansion. The company also raised $30 million in secondary market transactions.

Methodology

We tracked the largest announced rounds in the ���ϳԹ� database that were raised by U.S.-based companies for the period of Aug. 22-28. Although most announced rounds are in the database, there may be a small time lag, as some rounds are reported late in the week.

Illustration:

So far this year, a record $20.3 billion in global seed- through growth-stage funding has gone to companies in space- and satellite-related sectors, per ���ϳԹ� data. That’s already by far the highest annual tally on record, and we’ve still got four months left in 2026.

Excitement extends beyond obvious markers like a behemoth IPO. The latest quarterly from venture investor declares that “the space economy has entered a new era,” and that “capital is flowing at unprecedented scale,” with scant indication of a near-term pullback.

It’s a global phenomenon as well, with the United States, China and Europe accounting for the overwhelming majority of funding. So far this year, U.S. startups pulled in around $12.7 billion, more than 60% of global space tech funding. Just over 20% of funding went to China-based companies, while Europe pulled in about 10%.

Top fundraisers

Funding looks robust, but, as usual, the larger rounds cluster at later stages.

This is true for 2026 fundraising leaders. The top-ranked investment recipient, , pulled in $5 billion in a May Series H. (Anduril is a diversified defense technology company rather than a pure-play space tech company, but it includes space and satellites among its focus areas.)

Shanghai-based , also referred to as SpaceSail, which is developing a low-Earth orbit satellite internet constellation to rival , was another prodigious fundraiser, pulling in a $1 billion round in August.

, a Torrance, California-based developer of large, high-powered satellites, also picked up a big round, securing $500 million in Series D funding in July.

For a broader view, below we put together a list of nine of this year’s largest space tech funding round recipients.

Exits rising

Needless to say, space tech investors aren’t just deploying capital — they’re also seeing eye-popping exit returns.

SpaceX set an initial valuation of nearly $1.8 trillion for its June IPO — the largest by far of any public offering to date — and raised over $80 billion in the process. Shares of the rocket developer, launch provider, Starlink operator and AI hyperscaler have fluctuated since then, but recently hovered near the initial offer price.

Of course, no other company operating in the space tech sector will come close to that. Leaving that aside, however, we did see some offerings and acquisitions that were significant by most other comps.

One example was , a private equity-backed space and defense tech company, which went public in January at a valuation of over $4 billion. Its stock has fallen sharply since then, however, indicating that a space tech focus alone is not enough to keep shares aloft.

More recently, , operator of a satellite constellation that sells signals intelligence to defense and government customers, went public in May. Its shares are also down some from their first-day closing price.

Startup M&A deals are also happening. York Space Systems announced this year that it is acquiring , a provider of satellite communications terminals, in a $355 million deal. It acquired two other venture-backed companies this year for undisclosed sums: , a developer of satellite propulsion systems, and , focused on solar energy for space.

Another recent market entrant, , also made a significant acquisition, picking up , a developer of lunar landers and rovers, for $300 million in June.

Risks and rewards

Of course, even the most sunnily optimistic startup investors don’t expect space tech valuations to always move up and to the right. It’s a notoriously risk-prone sector, and even the sector’s high-valuation market newcomer, SpaceX, has suffered its share of rocket failures and other high-profile disappointments.

That said, startup backers clearly believe space tech rewards outweigh the risks. We’ll see in coming quarters if that still holds true.

Correction: The 2025 dollar amount in the chart was updated.

Related ���ϳԹ� query:

Related reading:

• SpaceX Shares Close Up 19% After Largest IPO Of All Time

Illustration:

This is a weekly feature that runs down the week’s top 10 announced funding rounds in the U.S. Check out last week’s biggest funding deal roundup here.

Startup investors were busily closing on big rounds this week, with AI and defense among their favored target sectors. The biggest financing went to , a defense tech startup developing a hypersonic missile. Other sizable rounds went to companies developing AI inference technology, a video-creation platform, data centers and voice-to-text tools.

1. , $800M, defense tech: Castelion, a defense tech startup developing a hypersonic strike missile, raised new Series C funding consisting of $800 million in equity capital along with $250 million in debt financing. , and led the equity financing, which set a $13 billion valuation for the Torrance, California-based company.

2. , $700M, semiconductors: San Jose, California-based Etched, a developer of inference clusters to accelerate AI computing, secured $700 million in a new funding round led by and joined by a long list of prominent investors. The financing set a $21 billion valuation for the 4-year-old company.

3. , $400M, AI video tools: AI video- and image-creation platform Higgsfield closed on $400 million in Series B financing at a $5.4 billion valuation. led the round for the San Francisco-based company, with the financing drawing at least 18 investors.

4. , $350M, data centers: Groq, an operator of 13 data centers across the globe, pulled in $350 million in a new fundraise led by , with planned participation from .The fundraise, which values the San Francisco-based company at $3.5 billion, comes on the heels of a $650 million in June.

5. , $280M, voice-to-text AI: Wispr Flow, a provider of an AI-powered voice-to-text tool called Flow, picked up $280 million in Series B funding at a $2 billion valuation. led the financing, joined by a long list of new and existing investors.

6. , $250M, satellites: Muon Space, a designer, builder and operator of satellite constellations, closed on $250 million in Series C funding led by . The Mountain View, California-based company also recently opened a manufacturing facility in San Jose, California, designed to produce up to 500 satellites annually by 2027.

7. , $150M, micromobility:  Also, a spinout that makes electric bikes and small four-wheeled micromobility vehicles, secured $150 million in Series D funding led by . The Palo Alto, California-based startup said the financing will go in part toward accelerating development of its autonomous vehicle platform.

8. , $110M, AI computing: Velaura AI, a developer of AI compute infrastructure focused on ultra-low-power silicon and software technologies, picked up $110 million in Series A funding. led the financing, which set a valuation of over $1 billion for the Silicon Valley-based startup.

9. , $100M, agentic finance: Rillet, a developer of AI-powered enterprise resource planning tools, landed $100 million in Series C funding led by . The round, which sets a $1 billion valuation for the San Francisco company, is Rillet’s third financing in the past year.

10. , $75M, sleep testing: Happy Health, and Austin-based developer of a ring device for diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnea, raised $75 million from and .

Methodology

We tracked the largest announced rounds in the ���ϳԹ� database that were raised by U.S.-based companies for the period of Aug. 15-21. Although most announced rounds are in the database, there may be a small time lag, as some rounds are reported late in the week.

Illustration:

This is a weekly feature that runs down the week’s top 10 announced funding rounds in the U.S. Check out last week’s biggest funding deal roundup here.

is back raising another $5 billion, after it raised that amount eight months ago. The largest fundings also went to an AI neolab, data center and electricity storage, defense, coding and biotech. Let’s take a look.

1. , $5B, data platform: Databricks has surpassed a $7 billion revenue run rate, with more than 80% year-over-year growth in Q2. The San Francisco-based company raised $ 5 billion in a funding round led by with participation from , , and new investor . Databricks was valued at $134 billion back in December 2025 when the company announced it had surpassed a $4.8 billion revenue run rate. From its Series A funding of $13 million in 2013, the 13-year-old company has raised around $25 billion in funding over all time, per ���ϳԹ� data.

2. , $1.1B, AI reinforcement learning: Founded earlier this year, River AI raised $1.1 billion across its seed and Series A rounds led by and , with strategic investment from and . Its founder, , has been at the center of AI developments at , and over the past decade. The Palo Alto, California-based company seeks to build AI that is personalized and trained directly on what a company or person needs to accomplish, giving the end user control.

3. , $750M, electric grid: Form Energy raised a Series G funding round led by . The Massachusetts-based company builds longer-lasting 100-hour batteries for grid electricity storage. A host of investors participated, including private equity, venture and angels, and infrastructure and climate-focused investors , , , , , , and the .

4. , $250M, defense: Neros Technologies, a defense drone manufacturer and drone interceptor, raised a $250 million Series C led by and . The Los Angeles-based company, founded in 2023, has raised $370 million to date, per . The company announced that by 2028 it will be building 1 million drones per year. It has contracts with the U.S. military and half a dozen allied countries across Europe, Asia and the Middle East.

5. , $143M, AI code review: CodeRabbit, which has developed an open-source AI code review technology used by 150,000 open-source projects and 17,000 customers, according to the company, is on a roll. London-based and Los Angeles’ led its Series C, and the Walnut Creek, California-based company plans to set up a London office based on customer interest across Europe. As coding becomes increasingly automated, code review is critical to determine which projects meet production standards.

6. , $136M, datacenter networking: Point2 Technology, which builds interconnect solutions for AI data centers, raised an extension of its Series B led by Korea-based , including a strategic investment from and participation from existing investor . The San Jose, California-based company raised $136 million in the Series B.

7. , $110M, organ preservation: Bridge to Life, a 21-year-old organ preservation company, raised a $100 million Series C funding led by and . The Illinois-based company is developing an organ viability assessment tool to expand the market and will use the proceeds to extend its VitaSmart technology to U.S. transplant centers.

8. (tied) , $100M, protein therapeutics: Aureka Biotechnologies, an AI-native drug discovery platform, raised $100 million in Series B funding led by . Based in Shanghai and California, the 3-year-old company has raised $200 million to date. Proceeds will go toward training its model with its lab-in-the-loop feedback mechanism.

8. (tied) , $100M, loyalty rewards: PointsKash, a loyalty reward mobile app, raised private equity funding led by . The Florida-based company provides in-store kiosks for cash, loans and rewards.

10. , $90M, biotechnology: Epicrispr Biotechnologies, a developer of genetic medicines, raised a $90 million Series C led by and . The San Francisco-based company develops treatments for neuromuscular disease through modulating genes.

Large non-US deals:

Several startups based outside the U.S. also raised notable rounds this week. They include:

, $400M, automated applications: Lovable raised a $400 million Series C funding led by and , valuing the company at $13.3 billion. The Stockholm-based company claims 900 million visits each month and 60 million projects created. Lovable’s Series B raise in December 2025, co-led by Menlo Ventures, valued the company at $6.6 billion.

, $300M, defense: Cambridge Aerospace, a U.K. defense tech company, raised a $300 million Series C led by . The 2-year-old company raised a $200 million Series B in April led by and . Since its Series B funding, the has committed to purchasing its Skyhammer air defense system to intercept drones and low-speed missiles.

Methodology

We tracked the largest announced rounds in the ���ϳԹ� database that were raised by U.S.-based companies for the period of Aug. 8-14. Although most announced rounds are in the database, there may be a small time lag, as some rounds are reported late in the week.

Illustration: